Why Witnesses on Old Documents Matter

 

Why Witnesses on Old Documents Matter

by Gayle Van Horn

When we find an ancestor’s name on an old document, our eyes naturally go straight to it. We study the dates, the location, and whatever the record tells us about that person. But there may be another valuable clue waiting near the bottom of the page: the names of the witnesses.

Those names are easy to overlook. Yet they can help us discover relatives, identify neighbors, distinguish between people with the same name, and follow a family from one community to another.

Sometimes, the person who seems least important on the page becomes the key to understanding the entire record.

More Than Names at the Bottom

Depending on the document, a witness might have observed a signature, acknowledged someone’s mark, or witnessed another part of a transaction. The wording of the record matters because witnessing a document does not necessarily mean witnessing every event it describes.

Witnesses could be relatives, neighbors, friends, business associates, or people connected with the office where the document was prepared. Their presence does not automatically establish a family relationship—but it gives us a name worth investigating.

Think of each witness as a possible doorway into your ancestor’s circle.

Look for Familiar Names—and Repeated Ones

A witness with the same surname as your ancestor deserves attention. Could this be a brother, an adult child, an uncle, or a cousin? That is a question to investigate, rather than a relationship to add immediately to the family tree.

Different surnames can be just as useful. A married sister would usually appear under her married name. A brother-in-law, a mother’s relative, or a close family friend might otherwise escape notice.

Repeated appearances are particularly interesting. If the same person witnesses several deeds, appears in a probate file, and lives near your ancestor in census records, that pattern may reveal a lasting connection.

One appearance provides a clue. Several appearances provide a stronger reason to follow it.

Witnesses May Help Identify Women

When a woman’s maiden name is unknown, the people surrounding her in records can offer a starting point.

Imagine a hypothetical deed involving Thomas and Elizabeth Carter, witnessed by Samuel Reed. Years later, Samuel appears in another record connected with Elizabeth. His name alone does not prove that Elizabeth was born a Reed. But it gives you someone to research.

Does Samuel’s will mention an Elizabeth Carter? Do marriage records, land transactions, or probate papers connect the two families? Was he a neighbor whose name appears on many unrelated documents?

The answer may lead to a family connection—or explain why his presence was simply routine. Either result helps you interpret the evidence more accurately.

Following Families Between Places

Witnesses can also help trace migration.

Suppose your ancestor disappears from one county and a person with the same name appears elsewhere. Finding a familiar witness or associate in the new location may strengthen the possibility that you have found the right person.

Families sometimes moved with relatives, neighbors, or friends. Following those associates can reveal connections that a search for your ancestor’s surname alone would miss.

This approach is often called FAN research: studying Friends, Associates, and Neighbors.

Notice the People Who Witness Everything

Not every witness was personally close to your ancestor. Someone who appears on many unrelated documents may have been a clerk, a professional associate, or a person routinely available to witness signatures.

Check nearby records when possible. Does that name appear repeatedly throughout the same record book? Understanding that pattern can keep you from mistaking an official role for a family relationship.

Also distinguish witnesses from other people named in a document. An executor, bondsman, surety, informant, and witness may have different responsibilities. Record the role actually stated.

A Simple Habit Worth Developing

Whenever you examine an old document:

Transcribe every witness’s name, preserving the original spelling.

Note the date, place, document type, and each person’s stated role.

Look for those names in other records involving your family.

Compare them with neighbors, marriage connections, and probate records.

Keep possible relationships separate from those supported by evidence.

If you are using an index or a brief abstract, try to locate an image of the complete record. A summary may leave out the very names that could help solve your problem.

Our ancestors lived within communities, and their documents often preserve pieces of those relationships. The witnesses at the bottom of a page may help us reconstruct that world.

The next time you find an old deed, will, or marriage record, take a moment before moving on. Read every name.

Your next family history discovery may begin with someone who was simply there to witness.

Finding Women When Their Maiden Names Disappear

 

Finding Women When Their Maiden Names Disappear

by Gayle Van Horn

She appears in a census as Mary, wife of John. In a newspaper, she is “Mrs. John Williams.” Her gravestone gives her married surname, and an online family tree offers a maiden name without explaining where it came from.

Who was she before she married?

For genealogists, a missing maiden name can bring an entire branch of the family tree to a halt. Yet the answer may survive in records created by her children, siblings, neighbors, or a previous husband. Finding it often means widening the search beyond the woman herself.

Start with What You Know

Before searching for a maiden name, build a timeline of the woman’s life. Record her known names, approximate birth year, places of residence, husband or husbands, children, and death information. Note the source of each detail and any disagreements between records.

Search under several forms of her name. Elizabeth might appear as Eliza, Lizzie, or Beth. Newspapers may identify her only by her husband’s name. A woman who married twice may appear in her second marriage record under her first married surname.

That last possibility deserves particular attention. The surname on a marriage record is not automatically a maiden name.

Look Beyond the Marriage Certificate

A marriage record is a natural starting point, but the certificate may be only one part of the surviving paperwork. Depending on the place and period, an application, license, bond, register entry, or church record may provide additional details.

Pay attention to witnesses and bondsmen. They may be relatives, although their presence alone does not establish a relationship.

When possible, examine an image of the original record. An index or transcription may omit a parent’s name, a notation about a previous marriage, or another detail that changes the meaning of the entry.

Let Her Children Lead You

A woman’s maiden name sometimes appears more clearly in her children’s records than in her own.

Birth and baptismal records, marriage applications, death certificates, and obituaries may name a child’s mother. Search records for several children rather than stopping with the first promising result.

Consider who supplied the information. A child’s death certificate might have been completed decades after the mother died, using details provided by a grandchild or another relative. Such a record can offer an important clue, but the information still needs to be checked against other evidence.

Follow Sisters, Brothers, and Neighbors

When direct evidence is scarce, study the people around her.

Who lived nearby? Who witnessed family marriages? Who served as a child’s baptismal sponsor? Did the same unfamiliar surname appear repeatedly in family records?

A sister’s obituary might name your ancestor as a surviving sibling. A brother’s probate file might identify her by her married name. A household containing an older woman could suggest a mother or mother-in-law worth investigating.

These connections help identify possible birth families. They become stronger when several records explain the relationship.

Search Probate and Land Records

A father’s will may contain the sentence you have been hoping to find: “To my daughter Mary, wife of John Williams…”

Even without a will, estate records can identify heirs, married daughters, and their husbands. Examine distributions, receipts, petitions, and other surviving papers rather than relying only on a probate index.

Land records can also connect generations. A deed may identify a married woman as an heir or explain how property passed through a family. Inherited property can provide a reason to investigate a particular surname.

Not every deed supplies a maiden name, but it may reveal a relationship that leads to one elsewhere.

Read Newspapers for Family Connections

Obituaries are useful, but smaller notices can be just as revealing.

Search for weddings, anniversaries, family reunions, visits, and funeral reports. A brief item stating that “Mrs. Williams is visiting her brother, Thomas Reed” gives you a new person to research.

Try her own name, her husband’s full name, and the names of her children. Search spelling variations, too. Newspaper indexing can miss names because of damaged print or imperfect text recognition.

Treat Family Clues with Care

Family Bibles, letters, labeled photographs, funeral cards, and cemetery records may preserve names missing from public records. Ask relatives whether any of these survive.

An unusual middle name among her children might suggest a family surname. A shared cemetery plot may point toward relatives. Neither is proof by itself.

Online trees can also offer leads, but an unsupported maiden name remains a possibility. Ten trees repeating the same claim may all be copying one another.

Build the Case Before Adding the Name

Before accepting a maiden name, ask whether the records describe the same woman. Do the dates, places, spouse, children, and family relationships fit? Is there another woman nearby with a similar name? Does any evidence contradict the proposed connection?

Sometimes one record states the relationship plainly. Other times, the conclusion depends on several records that support one another.

Keep notes explaining what you found and why you believe the connection is sound. If the evidence is incomplete, label the name as tentative rather than allowing a guess to become a family fact.

A missing maiden name does not always mean the trail has ended. It may mean the next clue belongs to someone else in her circle.

The woman recorded simply as “wife of John” had a life before that marriage. Recovering her name helps restore her place in the family story.

Don't Believe Everything You Find Online

 

Don't Believe Everything You Find Online

By Gayle H. Van Horn

The Internet has changed genealogy forever. In a matter of minutes, we can search census records, cemetery databases, newspapers, military records, passenger lists, family trees and countless other sources that once required letters, long-distance travel or hours spent scrolling through microfilm.

But there is one important rule every family historian should remember:

Just because you found it online doesn't mean it's true.

One of the easiest traps to fall into is the online family tree. You search for an ancestor and suddenly discover someone else has already traced that family back several generations. Names, birth dates, marriages, parents, and even photographs may already be there.

It can look convincing.

Unfortunately, it may also be completely wrong.

One Mistake Can Become Hundreds

Genealogy websites make it remarkably easy to copy information from another person's tree into your own. That's convenient when the information is correct. When it isn't, an error can spread quickly.

Suppose someone mistakenly identifies John Smith's parents as William and Mary Smith. Another researcher copies the information. Then another copies it from that tree. Before long, twenty online trees contain exactly the same parents.

Twenty trees agreeing with one another does not necessarily mean twenty researchers independently reached the same conclusion.

They may all have copied the same mistake.

This is especially dangerous when researching families with common names or families who repeatedly used the same given names from one generation to another. Two men named William Johnson living in the same county at approximately the same time can easily become one person in an online family tree.

A Family Tree Is a Clue, Not Proof

I enjoy looking at other researchers' family trees. They can provide excellent clues, particularly when you have reached a dead end.

But I treat what I find as a lead to investigate, not a fact to immediately add to my own genealogy.

If another researcher identifies the parents of an ancestor I have been trying to find, my next question is simple:

How do they know?

Are there birth or baptismal records? A marriage record? Census records? Probate files? Land transactions? A family Bible? Newspaper notices? Cemetery records? Military documents?

Or does the tree simply provide two names with no source whatsoever?

The difference is important.

Even Records Can Be Wrong

There is another lesson genealogists eventually learn: an original record isn't automatically correct either.

A death certificate may contain the wrong birth date or incorrectly identify someone's parents because the informant didn't know the answers. A census taker may misspell a surname, record the wrong age or misunderstand an accent. An obituary may contain an incorrect relationship. A tombstone can even have the wrong year.

That's why good genealogy rarely depends upon a single record.

When possible, compare several independent sources and look for information that consistently points toward the same conclusion.

Watch Those Online Hints

Those little leaves, suggestions, and automated hints on genealogy websites can be enormously useful. They can also send your research in completely the wrong direction.

A computer sees similarities. It doesn't necessarily understand the family.

A matching name, approximate birth year, and the correct state may look promising to an algorithm, but another record may show that the suggested individual was living fifty miles away with a completely different wife and children.

Before accepting a hint, look at the entire record.

Does the age fit? Does the location make sense? Are the spouse and children correct? Does the occupation fit? Is there another person with the same name nearby?

Most importantly, ask whether this record fits what you already know from reliable evidence.

Don't Force the Pieces to Fit

Perhaps the greatest temptation in genealogy occurs when we desperately want to solve a mystery.

You've searched for someone's parents for years. Then one evening you discover an online tree that provides exactly what you've been looking for.

There they are—father, mother, and another four generations stretching backward.

It is very tempting to click "Add."

Don't.

Not yet.

Investigate those people as though you had discovered them on a handwritten note tucked inside an old book. Look for the evidence connecting one generation to the next.

Sometimes the connection will prove correct.

Sometimes you'll discover that someone, somewhere, simply made an educated guess—and over the years that guess became accepted online as fact.

It's Okay to Say "I Don't Know"

Perhaps one of the hardest lessons in genealogy is accepting an unanswered question.

We naturally want every blank filled in. We want every maiden name discovered and every set of parents identified.

But "unknown" is better than "wrong."

There is nothing wrong with placing a question mark beside a possible relationship and returning to it later. New records are digitized every day. Newspapers become searchable. Archives put new collections online. DNA results may provide another clue.

The answer that isn't available today may appear several years from now.

Do Your Own Detective Work

Online genealogy is an extraordinary resource, and I certainly wouldn't want to return to the days when virtually every discovery required a trip to a courthouse, library or archive.

But technology hasn't changed the basic responsibility of the genealogist.

Follow the clues. Examine the records. Compare the evidence. Question contradictions. Record your sources.

And when you find an online family tree that takes your ancestry back another six generations overnight, enjoy the discovery.

Then start checking it.

Because in genealogy, finding an answer is only the beginning.

Proving it is where the real research begins.

Family Bibles: When the Family Record Was Written by Hand

 

Family Bibles: When the Family Record Was Written by Hand

By Gayle Van Horn

Long before online databases, courthouse indexes and genealogy websites, many families kept their most important records in one very special place — the family Bible.

Passed from one generation to another, these treasured books often contain much more than scripture. Tucked between their pages or carefully written in designated family record sections may be births, marriages, and deaths spanning several generations. Occasionally, a family Bible preserves information that cannot be found anywhere else.

For genealogists, finding one can be like opening a small family archive.

What Can a Family Bible Tell Us?

Beginning especially in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, many Bibles included pages specifically intended for recording family events. Entries might include:

Full names and birth dates of children

Marriage dates and names of spouses

Death dates

Names of parents and grandparents

Places of birth or residence

Baptisms or christenings

Names of ministers or churches

But don't stop with the official record pages.

Family Bibles sometimes became repositories for anything considered important enough to save. Obituaries, funeral cards, newspaper clippings, locks of hair, photographs, handwritten notes, pressed flowers, and old letters may still be tucked between their pages.

Each item can provide another clue to the family's story.

A Record That May Exist Nowhere Else

The greatest genealogical value of a family Bible becomes apparent when researching a period or place where civil records are incomplete or nonexistent.

A handwritten birth date from the early 1800s, for example, might predate state-required birth certificates by many decades. A marriage entry might identify a woman's maiden name that disappeared from later records. The names of children who died young might appear in the Bible even though they never appeared in a census.

Sometimes one small entry can break through a genealogical brick wall.

But there is an important caution.

Is Everything Written in a Family Bible Correct?

Not necessarily.

Like every genealogical source, Bible records need to be evaluated.

One of the first things I look at is the handwriting and ink. Were all the entries apparently written by the same person at the same time? Or were births, marriages and deaths recorded gradually over many years?

Suppose a Bible contains birth dates for family members born between 1790 and 1840, but the Bible itself was printed in 1875. Obviously, those early dates were copied from another source or supplied from someone's memory.

That doesn't make the information worthless. It simply changes how we should evaluate it.

An entry apparently written shortly after an event may carry more evidentiary weight than one copied decades later.

Check the Bible's Publication Date

This is one of the easiest clues to overlook.

Look for the title page and publication information. Compare the date the Bible was printed with the dates of the family entries.

If someone supposedly recorded a birth in 1825 in a Bible printed in 1860, you immediately know the entry wasn't contemporary with the event.

Also examine differences in handwriting, ink and writing instruments. A change may indicate that another generation took over responsibility for maintaining the family record.

Those differences aren't flaws. In fact, they can help reconstruct the history of the Bible itself.

Who Actually Owned the Bible?

Provenance — the history of who owned an object — is particularly important with family Bibles.

Try to determine who originally owned it and how it passed from one generation to another. An inscription such as "Presented to Mary by her mother" can be enormously valuable.

Write down what you know about its ownership.

If Aunt Sarah inherited it from her mother, who received it from her grandmother, record that information. Future generations may otherwise have no idea how the Bible became part of the family collection.

Treat Bible Entries as Evidence, Not Proof by Themselves

A family Bible can be a wonderful genealogical source, but whenever possible, compare its information with other records.

Search for supporting evidence in census records, marriage licenses, church registers, cemetery records, probate files, military records, obituaries, newspapers, and death certificates.

Sometimes the records will agree perfectly.

Sometimes they won't.

And that's when genealogy gets interesting.

A discrepancy isn't necessarily a problem to be discarded. It is something to investigate. Why does the gravestone say 1848 while the family Bible says 1847? Which record was created closest to the person's birth? Who supplied the information?

Those questions are part of evaluating genealogical evidence.

Preserve the Entire Record

If you are fortunate enough to own or locate a family Bible, don't photograph only the page containing your ancestor's name.

Photograph or scan:

The Bible's cover

Title and publication pages

Ownership inscriptions

Every family record page

Handwritten notes

Newspaper clippings and obituaries

Photographs and funeral cards

Anything tucked between the pages

Keep the images together and identify the present owner of the Bible and, if known, its chain of ownership.

Most importantly, don't throw away an unidentified clipping, photograph or scrap of paper simply because you don't immediately recognize its significance. Tomorrow's research may tell you exactly why someone placed it there.

What If the Family Bible Is No Longer in the Family?

Don't assume the record is lost forever.

Bible records have been copied, transcribed, photographed and donated to genealogical and historical societies, libraries, archives and museums. Some have appeared in published genealogical journals and books, while digitized collections have placed others online.

Search using the family surname along with terms such as "family Bible," "Bible records" and the county or state where the family lived.

Also ask relatives.

The family Bible you assumed disappeared generations ago may simply have followed another branch of the family.

More Than a Genealogical Source

There is another reason family Bibles fascinate me.

Unlike a census record or courthouse certificate, this was something our ancestors actually touched.

They opened it. They wrote in it. They placed photographs and clippings between its pages. Someone carefully entered the birth of a new child. Years later, perhaps another hand recorded that person's marriage or death.

Those handwritten entries transformed an ordinary book into a family record.

Today, we have enormous collections of genealogical information available with a few clicks of a mouse. Our ancestors didn't have that luxury.

Sometimes their family history was preserved one handwritten line at a time.

And occasionally, generations later, we're fortunate enough to find it.

Have YOU Hit a Brick Wall in Your Genealogy Research ?

 

By Gayle Van Horn

Every family historian eventually meets one: the ancestor who simply refuses to cooperate.

You have searched census records, marriage records, death certificates, cemetery listings, online family trees and every genealogy database you can think of. You have tried alternate spellings, neighboring counties and different dates. Still, you cannot find the parents, birthplace, maiden name or other piece of information you need.

Welcome to the genealogy brick wall.

Before deciding that the answer has been lost forever, however, there are several things worth trying.

Go Back to What You Know

One of the best ways to attack a brick wall is to stop searching for new information and review what you already have.

Start with the earliest record that you can definitely connect to your ancestor and work forward again. Look carefully at every name, date, location and relationship. Something that seemed unimportant years ago may suddenly have new meaning.

And don't assume that information you recorded years ago is correct simply because it has been in your family tree for a long time. Where did that birth date come from? Who identified the parents? Was there an original record, or was the information copied from another researcher's tree?

Sometimes the first step in breaking a brick wall is discovering that one of our original assumptions was wrong.

Search the Entire Family

When your ancestor disappears from the records, stop searching only for that person.

Research the spouse, children, siblings, in-laws, cousins and even grandchildren. A brother's obituary might identify the parents. A sister's death certificate might provide their mother's maiden name. A child's marriage record may reveal a birthplace that appears nowhere else.

Genealogists sometimes call this cluster research—studying the people who surrounded your ancestor rather than concentrating on one individual.

The answer to your ancestor's mystery may actually be hiding in someone else's records.

Pay Attention to Neighbors

This is particularly important when researching families in the 1700s and 1800s.

Families often migrated together. Neighbors in one census may appear beside each other again hundreds of miles away ten or twenty years later. Witnesses on deeds, bondsmen on marriages, executors of wills and people purchasing property at estate sales may turn out to be relatives.

Make a list of recurring surnames around your ancestor. Then research those people.

You may discover that the seemingly unrelated neighbor living three farms away was actually a brother-in-law, uncle or cousin.

Follow the Land

Land records can be invaluable when vital records do not exist.

Deeds may identify spouses, heirs, and relatives. They can show when someone arrived in an area or when they left. When land passes between people with different surnames for a token amount, take a closer look—there may be a family relationship involved.

Also remember that your ancestor may not have moved at all. County and state boundaries changed frequently. A person can appear to have lived in several different counties while occupying the same piece of land.

Look Beyond the Internet

It is easy to forget that only a fraction of historical records are available online.

County courthouses, state archives, historical societies, libraries, university collections and local genealogy societies may hold material that has never been digitized.

Probate packets, loose court papers, tax lists, church registers, newspaper files and manuscript collections can contain information that will never appear in a simple online name search.

Sometimes breaking a brick wall requires leaving the search box behind.

Search for the Name Differently

Spelling was remarkably flexible in earlier generations.

Try phonetic variations, initials, nicknames, and common transcription errors. Search without a surname when possible, using only a first name, approximate birth year and location.

And remember that the person who created the record may have misunderstood the name—and the person who indexed it many years later may have misunderstood it again.

Build a Timeline

Create a simple chronological list of everything you know about your ancestor.

Where was the person in 1820? 1830? 1840? When were the children born? When was land purchased? When did the family first appear in a particular county?

Once everything is placed in chronological order, gaps and inconsistencies become much easier to see.

Those gaps give you new research questions.

Separate Evidence from Speculation

Most of us eventually develop theories about our difficult ancestors. There is nothing wrong with that. A theory gives us something to investigate.

But label it as a theory.

Keep proven facts separate from possibilities. Write down why you think a particular couple might be the parents of your ancestor and then ask yourself what evidence would prove—or disprove—the idea.

One of the greatest dangers in genealogy is turning a reasonable possibility into a "fact" simply because it has been repeated for years.

Revisit the Problem Later

Sometimes the best thing you can do with a brick wall is put it aside.

Newspapers are digitized every day. Archives place new collections online. Another researcher may publish information about a related family. DNA matches may appear. A record that was unavailable ten years ago may be searchable today.

When you return to the problem with fresh eyes, you may also notice something you overlooked before.

And Finally—Don't Give Up

Some brick walls really are difficult. Records may have burned, never existed or disappeared through time. Occasionally we have to accept that a question cannot be answered with the evidence currently available.

But "I haven't found it" is not the same thing as "it doesn't exist."

Genealogy rewards persistence.

I have returned to some family lines again and again over the years, sometimes after setting them aside for a very long time. More than once, a new record, a different search technique or one small clue has opened a door that previously seemed firmly closed.

So when you reach that stubborn ancestor who seems determined to remain a mystery, don't consider the research finished.

Change the question. Search the family. Study the neighbors. Recheck your evidence. Look somewhere you haven't looked before.

That brick wall may not come down today.

But sometimes all it takes is finding one loose brick.

Gayle is BACK — and so is the Genealogy!

 

It’s been a little quiet here at Gayle’s Family Genealogy for the past couple of months, but I’m happy to say — I’M BACK!

My unexpected summer adventure involved a broken arm, which put a serious slowdown on typing, research, and just about everything else I normally enjoy doing. Genealogy unfortunately had to take a back seat while I concentrated on healing.

But the family tree has been patiently waiting!

Now I’m getting back to research, digging through old records, revisiting some stubborn family mysteries, and thinking about plenty of new topics to share here. In the weeks ahead, I’ll be posting genealogy research tips, family stories, old photographs, unusual discoveries, brick-wall ideas, and some of those fascinating mysteries that keep us searching for “just one more record.”

I’ll also share some of my own research adventures — including ancestors who have managed to hide from me for years. After all, sometimes the best part of genealogy isn’t simply finding the answer. It’s figuring out where to look next.

So dust off those family trees and come along. There’s plenty more genealogy ahead at Gayle’s Family Genealogy.

It’s good to be back!

Researching the Ruth Family of Hartford County, Maryland

 

If you are researching the Moses Ruth family of Hartford County, Maryland .... a few notes to get you started

There are already several copied family-tree claims that don’t agree with one another. There are also a couple of clues from actual Maryland records, 

The basic family is definitely represented online. Multiple genealogical compilations identify Moses Ruth (born about 1697) and Esther/Ester Irwin (born about 1701) as a Maryland couple, apparently marrying about 1729. One compilation gives their children as Jean/Joan, Ruthea, Sarah, and Moses, exactly matching your family group. 

There are, however, two things you should consider in your research of this family. .

First, Moses's birthplace. It was originally recorded as “Hartford [Harford] County, Maryland” as his birthplace in 1697 without a qualifier. Harford County did not yet exist in 1697; that area was then part of Baltimore County. So if he really was born in the area that later became Harford County, a historically accurate entry would be something like Baltimore County, Province of Maryland (present-day Harford County). The online trees appear to have retroactively applied the later county name.

More intriguing is his wife Esther Irwin's birthplace. A few online sites indicate "Naughton, Suffolk, England, but I have the following to conside:

Ester Irwin

• born 1701, Rathmelton, Ireland 

• died 20 January 1786, Harford County, Maryland 

• married first to John Archer, who died in 1727 

• subsequently married Moses Ruth 

• Moses died 18 September 1781, Harford County, Maryland. 

That Irish birthplace caught my attention because there is independent evidence that an Esther Irwin was an immigrant/early Maryland settler. An immigration index cites Martha and Bill Reamy's Immigrant Ancestors of Marylanders and identifies an Esther Irwin in Maryland during the 1700s. 

So at this stage I would put a big question mark beside “Naughton, Suffolk, England.” I haven't found evidence supporting that location, while I have found a published genealogical trail pointing to Rathmelton (Ramelton), County Donegal, Ireland. That doesn't prove Ireland yet, but it deserves investigation.

The children are also interesting. One database has Jean Ruth born about 1730, Ruthea Ruth about 1734, and Moses Ruth about 1738, all in Maryland. Another family genealogy specifically shows the line as Moses Ruth + Esther Irwin? Ruthia, Sarah, Moses and Joan. The Jean/Joan/Jane variation doesn't concern me much for an 18th-century family; I'd expect spelling variations.

And we have a particularly nice piece of evidence that this was a real Harford-area Ruth family rather than merely an endlessly copied Internet tree. The Maryland State Archives has a period record from the 1766–1768 General Assembly proceedings that actually names a Moses Ruth among residents/signatories. 

Even better, the younger Moses Ruth Jr. appears in Walter W. Preston's 1901 History of Harford County. He was enrolled in Captain Jacob Bond's militia company in December 1775, just before the Revolution. The roster explicitly calls him “Moses Ruth, Jr.” That “Jr.” is valuable because it strongly supports the presence of two adult Moses Ruths in the same Harford County community—very consistent with your father Moses and son Moses.

There's another promising branch through daughter Jane/Jean Ruth. One genealogy identifies her as born about 1739 in the future Harford County area, daughter of Moses Ruth and Ester Irwin. She married Robert McCuistion about 1754, probably in Maryland, and after his death married Major Thomas Blair in 1765. Jane reportedly died about 1823 in Guilford County, North Carolina. That could provide another route for proving her parents through estate, marriage, or land records rather than family trees.

So...what's next? 

I'd provisionally reconstruct them as Moses Ruth, b. c.1697, probably in the portion of Baltimore County that later became Harford County; d. 18 Sept. 1781, Harford County, married about 1729 to Ester/Esther Irwin, b. c.1701, birthplace uncertain but possibly Ramelton/Rathmelton, County Donegal, Ireland; d. 20 Jan. 1786, Harford County. Children appear to include Jean/Jane/Joan, Ruthea/Ruthia, Sarah, and Moses Jr. 

But I wouldn't recommend to any researcher of this family, to copy any of those exact dates or Esther's Irish birthplace into your permanent genealogy as proven facts yet. Most of what gives those details traces back to secondary genealogies. The militia and Maryland archival appearances are considerably stronger evidence.

Consider your next move for Moses Ruth's Maryland land, probate/will, church and tax records from roughly 1720–1781, and on Esther Irwin/Archer before her marriage to Moses. If ypu can locate Moses's will or estate papers, you just might be able to nail down the children—and perhaps establish Esther's identity at the same time. 

There are so many family trees online for this family...let's take it one step at a time before repeating everthing thats already been "assumed."